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c-Fos antibody - 226 308

c-Fos is a member of the transcription factor complex AP1
Guinea pig monoclonal recombinant IgG
Cat. No.: 226 308
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $425.00
Cat. No. 226 308 50 µg purified recombinant IgG, lyophilized. Albumin and azide were added for stabilization. For reconstitution add 50 µl H2O to get a 1mg/ml solution in PBS. Then aliquot and store at -20°C to -80°C until use.
Antibodies should be stored at +4°C when still lyophilized. Do not freeze!
Applications
 
WB: 1 : 500 up to 1 : 2000 (AP staining) gallery  
IP: not tested yet
ICC: 1 : 1000 gallery  
IHC: 1 : 1000 up to 1 : 5000 (see remarks) gallery  
IHC-P: 1 : 200 up to 1 : 1000 gallery  

Western blot (WB); separation of proteins by PAGE and subsequent transfer to a membrane. Detection of target molecules is carried out with antibodies. Some antibodies require special sample preparation steps. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunoprecipitation (IP); Immunoisolation or pulldown of a target molecule using an antibody. For details and product specific hints, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on 4% PFA fixed cells. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence. Some antibodies require special fixation methods. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 4% PFA perfusion fixed tissue with 24h PFA post fixation. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate. Some antibodies require special fixation methods or antigen retrieval steps. For details, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue (some antibodies require special antigen retrieval steps, please refer to the ”Remarks” section). Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate.
Clone Gp108B5
Subtype IgG2 (κ light chain)
Immunogen Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of rat c-Fos (UniProt Id: P12841)
Reactivity Reacts with: mouse (P01101), rat (P12841), human (P01100).
Other species not tested yet.
Matching control protein/peptide 226-0P
Remarks

This antibody is a chimeric antibody based on the monoclonal rat antibody clone 108B5. The constant regions of the heavy and light chains have been replaced by Guinea pig specific sequences. Therefore, the antibody can be used with standard anti-Guinea pig secondary reagents. The antibody has been expressed in mammalian cells.
IHC: For best results, tissue sections should be stored at -20°C in cryoprotectant solution. Prolonged storage at 4°C leads to a substantial loss of signal.
Data sheet 226_308.pdf

References for c-Fos - 226 308

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 elevation contributes to age-associated cognitive decline.
Tian J, Guo L, Wang T, Jia K, Swerdlow RH, Zigman JM, Du H
JCI insight (2023) 810: . 226 308 ICC; tested species: mouse
Histone lactylation mediated by Fam172a in POMC neurons regulates energy balance.
Chen Z, Wan B, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L, Zhang Y, Hu C
Nature communications (2024) 151: 10111. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The lateral habenula integrates age and experience to promote social transitions in developing rats.
Cobb-Lewis D, George A, Hu S, Packard K, Song M, Nguyen-Lopez O, Tesone E, Rowden J, Wang J, Opendak M
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
A neural circuit for lavender-essential-oil-induced antinociception.
Yang Y, Huang H, Zhu MY, Wei HR, Zhang M, Tang L, Gao W, Yang X, Zhang Z, Cao P, Tao W, et al.
Cell reports (2024) 4310: 114800. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Disrupted basolateral amygdala circuits supports negative valence bias in depressive states.
Bigot M, De Badts CH, Benchetrit A, Vicq É, Moigneu C, Meyrel M, Wagner S, Hennrich AA, Houenou J, Lledo PM, Henry C, et al.
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 382. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Mid-Infrared Photons Alleviate Tinnitus by Activating the KCNQ2 Channel in the Auditory Cortex.
Liu P, Xue X, Zhang C, Zhou H, Ding Z, Wang L, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Shen W, Yang S, Wang F, et al.
Research (Washington, D.C.) (2024) 7: 0479. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Chromatin plasticity predetermines neuronal eligibility for memory trace formation.
Santoni G, Astori S, Leleu M, Glauser L, Zamora SA, Schioppa M, Tarulli I, Sandi C, Gräff J
Science (New York, N.Y.) (2024) 3856707: eadg9982. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The cortical amygdala consolidates a socially transmitted long-term memory.
Liu Z, Sun W, Ng YH, Dong H, Quake SR, Südhof TC
Nature (2024) 6328024: 366-374. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A noradrenergic pathway for the induction of pain by sleep loss.
Lou Q, Wei HR, Chen D, Zhang Y, Dong WY, Qun S, Wang D, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Jin Y
Current biology : CB (2024) 3412: 2644-2656.e7. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to the Hyperlocomotion under Nitrogen Narcosis.
Peng B, Wu XB, Zhang ZJ, Cao DL, Zhao LX, Wu H, Gao YJ
Neuroscience bulletin (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Reduced excitatory activity in the developing mPFC mediates a PVH-to-PVL transition and impaired social cognition in autism spectrum disorders.
Luo Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Shen Y, Gu Y, Wang L
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 325. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation.
Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM
Nature (2024) 6328023: 147-156. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A discrete subpopulation of PFC-LHb neurons govern cocaine place preference.
Abdel-Hay N, Kabirova M, Yaka R
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 269. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Genetic identification of medullary neurons underlying congenital hypoventilation.
Cui K, Xia Y, Patnaik A, Salivara A, Lowenstein ED, Isik EG, Knorz AL, Airaghi L, Crotti M, Garratt AN, Meng F, et al.
Science advances (2024) 1025: eadj0720. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Activation of pyramidal neurons in the infralimbic cortex alleviates LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.
Zhang PF, You WY, Gao YJ, Wu XB
Brain research bulletin (2024) 214: 111008. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Vagotomy blunts cardiorespiratory responses to vagal afferent stimulation via pre- and postsynaptic effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Hofmann GC, Gama de Barcellos Filho P, Khodadadi F, Ostrowski D, Kline DD, Hasser EM
The Journal of physiology (2024) 6026: 1147-1174. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Obesity alters POMC and kisspeptin neuron crosstalk leading to reduced luteinizing hormone in male mice.
Villa PA, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Jamieson BB, Campbell RE, Coss D
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A nociceptive amygdala-striatal pathway for chronic pain aversion.
Wojick JA, Paranjapye A, Chiu JK, Mahmood M, Oswell C, Kimmey BA, Wooldridge LM, McCall NM, Han A, Ejoh LL, Chehimi SN, et al.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Development of activity-based anorexia requires PKC-δ neurons in two central extended amygdala nuclei.
Schnapp WI, Kim J, Wang Y, Timilsena S, Fang C, Cai H
Cell reports (2024) 433: 113933. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The crucial role of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in the interaction between acute sleep disturbance and headache.
Li B, Cao Y, Yuan H, Yu Z, Miao S, Yang C, Gong Z, Xie W, Li C, Bai W, Tang W, et al.
The journal of headache and pain (2024) 251: 31. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory.
Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR
Nature (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Microbiota-derived acetate attenuates neuroinflammation in rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Yin X, Duan C, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Qiu Y, Shi K, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang H, Hao Y, Yuan F, et al.
Journal of neuroinflammation (2024) 211: 101. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Chemogenetic activation of CRF neurons as a model of chronic stress produces sex-specific physiological and behavioral effects.
Montgomery KR, Bridi MS, Folts LM, Marx-Rattner R, Zierden HC, Wulff AB, Kodjo EA, Thompson SM, Bale TL
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (2023) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Region-specific heterogeneity in neuronal nuclear morphology in young, aged and in Alzheimer's disease mouse brains.
Das S, Ramanan N
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology (2023) 11: 1032504. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Examining memory linking and generalization using scFLARE2, a temporally precise neuronal activity tagging system.
Jung JH, Wang Y, Rashid AJ, Zhang T, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA
Cell reports (2023) 4212: 113592. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Social memory deficit caused by dysregulation of the cerebellar vermis.
Chao OY, Pathak SS, Zhang H, Augustine GJ, Christie JM, Kikuchi C, Taniguchi H, Yang YM
Nature communications (2023) 141: 6007. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis GABA neurons are necessary for changes in foraging behaviour following an innate threat.
Ly A, Barker A, Hotchkiss H, Prévost ED, McGovern DJ, Kilpatrick Z, Root DH
The European journal of neuroscience (2023) 587: 3630-3649. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Increased body weight in mice with fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (Fmr1) gene mutation is associated with hypothalamic dysfunction.
Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Villa PA, Hijleh SA, Avalos B, DiPatrizio NV, Haga-Yamanaka S, Coss D
Scientific reports (2023) 131: 12666. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Oligofructose improves small intestinal lipid-sensing mechanisms via alterations to the small intestinal microbiota.
Weninger SN, Herman C, Meyer RK, Beauchemin ET, Kangath A, Lane AI, Martinez TM, Hasneen T, Jaramillo SA, Lindsey J, Vedantam G, et al.
Microbiome (2023) 111: 169. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Examining the engram encoding specificity hypothesis in mice.
Jung JH, Wang Y, Mocle AJ, Zhang T, Köhler S, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA
Neuron (2023) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area.
Prokofeva K, Saito YC, Niwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hirano A, Sakurai T
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2023) 4322: 4075-4092. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Lateral Hypothalamus Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II α Neurons Encode Novelty-Seeking Signals to Promote Predatory Eating.
Tan N, Shi J, Xu L, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lai N, Fang Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Chen Z
Research (Washington, D.C.) (2022) 2022: 9802382. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Endocannabinoid signaling regulates post-operative delirium through glutamatergic mediodorsal thalamus-prelimbic prefrontal cortical projection.
Liu Y, Jia S, Wang J, Wang D, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Li Q, Dong H, Zhong H, et al.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience (2022) 14: 1036428. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Analgesic effect of gastrin-releasing peptide in the dorsal horn.
Saeki A, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, Okubo M, Noguchi K
Molecular pain (2022) 18: 17448069221108965. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Control of non-REM sleep by ventrolateral medulla glutamatergic neurons projecting to the preoptic area.
Teng S, Zhen F, Wang L, Schalchli JC, Simko J, Chen X, Jin H, Makinson CD, Peng Y
Nature communications (2022) 131: 4748. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Cat. No.: 226 308
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $425.00
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 elevation contributes to age-associated cognitive decline.
Tian J, Guo L, Wang T, Jia K, Swerdlow RH, Zigman JM, Du H
JCI insight (2023) 810: . 226 308 ICC; tested species: mouse
Histone lactylation mediated by Fam172a in POMC neurons regulates energy balance.
Chen Z, Wan B, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L, Zhang Y, Hu C
Nature communications (2024) 151: 10111. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The lateral habenula integrates age and experience to promote social transitions in developing rats.
Cobb-Lewis D, George A, Hu S, Packard K, Song M, Nguyen-Lopez O, Tesone E, Rowden J, Wang J, Opendak M
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
A neural circuit for lavender-essential-oil-induced antinociception.
Yang Y, Huang H, Zhu MY, Wei HR, Zhang M, Tang L, Gao W, Yang X, Zhang Z, Cao P, Tao W, et al.
Cell reports (2024) 4310: 114800. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Disrupted basolateral amygdala circuits supports negative valence bias in depressive states.
Bigot M, De Badts CH, Benchetrit A, Vicq É, Moigneu C, Meyrel M, Wagner S, Hennrich AA, Houenou J, Lledo PM, Henry C, et al.
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 382. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Mid-Infrared Photons Alleviate Tinnitus by Activating the KCNQ2 Channel in the Auditory Cortex.
Liu P, Xue X, Zhang C, Zhou H, Ding Z, Wang L, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Shen W, Yang S, Wang F, et al.
Research (Washington, D.C.) (2024) 7: 0479. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Chromatin plasticity predetermines neuronal eligibility for memory trace formation.
Santoni G, Astori S, Leleu M, Glauser L, Zamora SA, Schioppa M, Tarulli I, Sandi C, Gräff J
Science (New York, N.Y.) (2024) 3856707: eadg9982. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The cortical amygdala consolidates a socially transmitted long-term memory.
Liu Z, Sun W, Ng YH, Dong H, Quake SR, Südhof TC
Nature (2024) 6328024: 366-374. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A noradrenergic pathway for the induction of pain by sleep loss.
Lou Q, Wei HR, Chen D, Zhang Y, Dong WY, Qun S, Wang D, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Jin Y
Current biology : CB (2024) 3412: 2644-2656.e7. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to the Hyperlocomotion under Nitrogen Narcosis.
Peng B, Wu XB, Zhang ZJ, Cao DL, Zhao LX, Wu H, Gao YJ
Neuroscience bulletin (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Reduced excitatory activity in the developing mPFC mediates a PVH-to-PVL transition and impaired social cognition in autism spectrum disorders.
Luo Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Shen Y, Gu Y, Wang L
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 325. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation.
Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM
Nature (2024) 6328023: 147-156. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A discrete subpopulation of PFC-LHb neurons govern cocaine place preference.
Abdel-Hay N, Kabirova M, Yaka R
Translational psychiatry (2024) 141: 269. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Genetic identification of medullary neurons underlying congenital hypoventilation.
Cui K, Xia Y, Patnaik A, Salivara A, Lowenstein ED, Isik EG, Knorz AL, Airaghi L, Crotti M, Garratt AN, Meng F, et al.
Science advances (2024) 1025: eadj0720. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Activation of pyramidal neurons in the infralimbic cortex alleviates LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.
Zhang PF, You WY, Gao YJ, Wu XB
Brain research bulletin (2024) 214: 111008. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Vagotomy blunts cardiorespiratory responses to vagal afferent stimulation via pre- and postsynaptic effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Hofmann GC, Gama de Barcellos Filho P, Khodadadi F, Ostrowski D, Kline DD, Hasser EM
The Journal of physiology (2024) 6026: 1147-1174. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Obesity alters POMC and kisspeptin neuron crosstalk leading to reduced luteinizing hormone in male mice.
Villa PA, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Jamieson BB, Campbell RE, Coss D
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
A nociceptive amygdala-striatal pathway for chronic pain aversion.
Wojick JA, Paranjapye A, Chiu JK, Mahmood M, Oswell C, Kimmey BA, Wooldridge LM, McCall NM, Han A, Ejoh LL, Chehimi SN, et al.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Development of activity-based anorexia requires PKC-δ neurons in two central extended amygdala nuclei.
Schnapp WI, Kim J, Wang Y, Timilsena S, Fang C, Cai H
Cell reports (2024) 433: 113933. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
The crucial role of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in the interaction between acute sleep disturbance and headache.
Li B, Cao Y, Yuan H, Yu Z, Miao S, Yang C, Gong Z, Xie W, Li C, Bai W, Tang W, et al.
The journal of headache and pain (2024) 251: 31. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory.
Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR
Nature (2024) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Microbiota-derived acetate attenuates neuroinflammation in rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Yin X, Duan C, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Qiu Y, Shi K, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang H, Hao Y, Yuan F, et al.
Journal of neuroinflammation (2024) 211: 101. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Chemogenetic activation of CRF neurons as a model of chronic stress produces sex-specific physiological and behavioral effects.
Montgomery KR, Bridi MS, Folts LM, Marx-Rattner R, Zierden HC, Wulff AB, Kodjo EA, Thompson SM, Bale TL
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (2023) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Region-specific heterogeneity in neuronal nuclear morphology in young, aged and in Alzheimer's disease mouse brains.
Das S, Ramanan N
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology (2023) 11: 1032504. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Examining memory linking and generalization using scFLARE2, a temporally precise neuronal activity tagging system.
Jung JH, Wang Y, Rashid AJ, Zhang T, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA
Cell reports (2023) 4212: 113592. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Social memory deficit caused by dysregulation of the cerebellar vermis.
Chao OY, Pathak SS, Zhang H, Augustine GJ, Christie JM, Kikuchi C, Taniguchi H, Yang YM
Nature communications (2023) 141: 6007. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis GABA neurons are necessary for changes in foraging behaviour following an innate threat.
Ly A, Barker A, Hotchkiss H, Prévost ED, McGovern DJ, Kilpatrick Z, Root DH
The European journal of neuroscience (2023) 587: 3630-3649. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Increased body weight in mice with fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (Fmr1) gene mutation is associated with hypothalamic dysfunction.
Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Villa PA, Hijleh SA, Avalos B, DiPatrizio NV, Haga-Yamanaka S, Coss D
Scientific reports (2023) 131: 12666. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Oligofructose improves small intestinal lipid-sensing mechanisms via alterations to the small intestinal microbiota.
Weninger SN, Herman C, Meyer RK, Beauchemin ET, Kangath A, Lane AI, Martinez TM, Hasneen T, Jaramillo SA, Lindsey J, Vedantam G, et al.
Microbiome (2023) 111: 169. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Examining the engram encoding specificity hypothesis in mice.
Jung JH, Wang Y, Mocle AJ, Zhang T, Köhler S, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA
Neuron (2023) : . 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area.
Prokofeva K, Saito YC, Niwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hirano A, Sakurai T
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2023) 4322: 4075-4092. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Lateral Hypothalamus Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II α Neurons Encode Novelty-Seeking Signals to Promote Predatory Eating.
Tan N, Shi J, Xu L, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lai N, Fang Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Chen Z
Research (Washington, D.C.) (2022) 2022: 9802382. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Endocannabinoid signaling regulates post-operative delirium through glutamatergic mediodorsal thalamus-prelimbic prefrontal cortical projection.
Liu Y, Jia S, Wang J, Wang D, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Li Q, Dong H, Zhong H, et al.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience (2022) 14: 1036428. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
Analgesic effect of gastrin-releasing peptide in the dorsal horn.
Saeki A, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, Okubo M, Noguchi K
Molecular pain (2022) 18: 17448069221108965. 226 308 IHC; tested species: rat
Control of non-REM sleep by ventrolateral medulla glutamatergic neurons projecting to the preoptic area.
Teng S, Zhen F, Wang L, Schalchli JC, Simko J, Chen X, Jin H, Makinson CD, Peng Y
Nature communications (2022) 131: 4748. 226 308 IHC; tested species: mouse
WB
ICC
IHC
IHC
IHC-P
IHC-P
IHC-P
IHC-P
Background

The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: c-Fos, FosB, FosL1, and FosL2, also called Fos related antigen 1 and 2 (FRA1 and 2). These leucine zipper proteins can dimerize with proteins of the Jun family leading to the formation of the transcription factor complex AP1 (1).
The expression of Fos proteins is rapidly and transiently induced by different extracellular stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters, polypeptide hormones and stress (2).
In addition Fos proteins can be phosphorylated by ERK kinases modulating transcriptional activity, protein stability and localization (3). c-Fos is the homologue to the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ) murine osteosarcoma virus oncogene (4).
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