CD86 (B7.2) antibody mouse specific - HS-466 003

CD86 (Cluster of Differentiation 86, also known as B7.2) belongs to the B7 family of immune-regulatory cell-surface protein ligands (1). CD86 and the genetically closely linked CD80 protein (also known as B7.1) are expressed by antigen presenting cells and provide costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and tolerance via interaction with CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T-cells. However, CD80 and CD86 have non-equivalent roles in immune modulation: CD86 is the dominant ligand for proliferation and survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs) (2) and shows in comparison with CD80 very high efficiency at increasing T cell killing capacity (3). CD86 is expressed only at low levels on resting B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages; activation results in enhanced CD86 expression (Collins et al., 2005). In the CNS, CD86 upregulation is a marker of activated pro-inflammatory M1 microglia (4). In oncology research, CD86 is a biomarker to phenotypically differentiate classically activated M1 macrophages from alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (5).