LAMP2 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2), also referred to as CD107b, is a member of the LAMP protein family and a highly glycosylated single-pass type I transmembrane protein. It shuttles between lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane.
LAMP2 exists in three isoforms. Isoform LAMP2A is expressed for instance in liver, kidney, and placenta, and only low in brain.
LAMP2 proteins protect the lysosomal membrane from degradation by lysosomal hydrolases and participate in intracellular cholesterol trafficking, lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosomal motility along microtubules. In addition to these common functions, the different splice variants of LAMP2 have also specialized functions. LAMP2A serves as a receptor for cytosolic proteins that undergo degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). It facilitates the translocation of targeted proteins and peptides into the lysosome. LAMP2A is also implicated in MHCII presentation of cytoplasmic antigens as well as in the regulation of T-cell responses. Beyond that, LAMP2A is the rate-limiting factor for the neuronal uptake and degradation of aggregation prone proteins via CMA such as α-synuclein and huntingtin that are neurotoxic when aggregated.
Recent studies demonstrated that LAMP2A is involved in cancer progression by promoting tumor growth.