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GluA2 antibody - 182 103

GluAs are ionotropic glutamate receptors involved in rapid excitatory neurotransmission
Rabbit polyclonal purified antibody
Cat. No.: 182 103
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $380.00
Cat. No. 182 103 50 µg specific antibody, lyophilized. Affinity purified with the immunogen. Albumin and azide were added for stabilization. For reconstitution add 50 µl H2O to get a 1mg/ml solution in PBS. Then aliquot and store at -20°C to -80°C until use.
Antibodies should be stored at +4°C when still lyophilized. Do not freeze!
Applications
 
WB: 1 : 1000 (AP staining) gallery  
IP: yes
ICC: 1 : 500 gallery  
IHC: 1 : 500 gallery  
IHC-P: not tested yet
ExM: 1 : 200 (see remarks) gallery  

Western blot (WB); separation of proteins by PAGE and subsequent transfer to a membrane. Detection of target molecules is carried out with antibodies. Some antibodies require special sample preparation steps. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunoprecipitation (IP); Immunoisolation or pulldown of a target molecule using an antibody. For details and product specific hints, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on 4% PFA fixed cells. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence. Some antibodies require special fixation methods. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 4% PFA perfusion fixed tissue with 24h PFA post fixation. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate. Some antibodies require special fixation methods or antigen retrieval steps. For details, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue (some antibodies require special antigen retrieval steps, please refer to the ”Remarks” section). Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate.

Expansion Microscopy (ExM) is a sample preparation and imaging method which employs a dense interconnected web of swellable polymer within a biological specimen. A significantly higher effective resolution can be achieved with a standard microscope setup. For additional experimental details, please refer to the Remarks section.

Immunogen Recombinant protein corresponding to AA 836 to 883 from rat GluA2 (UniProt Id: P19491)
Reactivity Reacts with: human (P42262), rat (P19491), mouse (P23819).
Other species not tested yet.
Specificity Some cross reactivity to GluA 3.
Matching control protein/peptide 182-1P
Remarks

ExM: This antibody has been successfully used for the magnified analysis of the proteome (MAP) expansion microscopy method (MAP; Ku et al. 2016. Nature Biotechnology 34:973-981)

Data sheet 182_103.pdf

References for GluA2 - 182 103

SNX17 Mediates Dendritic Spine Maturation via p140Cap.
Cui Q, Liang S, Li H, Guo Y, Lv J, Wang X, Qin P, Xu H, Huang TY, Lu Y, Tian Q, et al.
Molecular neurobiology (2023) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
CDKL5 deficiency in adult glutamatergic neurons alters synaptic activity and causes spontaneous seizures via TrkB signaling.
Zhu ZA, Li YY, Xu J, Xue H, Feng X, Zhu YC, Xiong ZQ
Cell reports (2023) 4210: 113202. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Neurexin-2: An inhibitory neurexin that restricts excitatory synapse formation in the hippocampus.
Lin PY, Chen LY, Jiang M, Trotter JH, Seigneur E, Südhof TC
Science advances (2023) 91: eadd8856. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Neuroligin-3 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and EPSP-Spike Coupling in the Dentate Gyrus In Vivo.
Muellerleile J, Vnencak M, Ippolito A, Krueger-Burg D, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Jedlicka P
Molecular neurobiology (2021) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Ablation of STAT3 in Purkinje cells reorganizes cerebellar synaptic plasticity in long-term fear memory network.
Han JK, Kwon SH, Kim YG, Choi J, Kim JI, Lee YS, Ye SK, Kim SJ
eLife (2021) 10: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Missense mutation of Fmr1 results in impaired AMPAR-mediated plasticity and socio-cognitive deficits in mice.
Prieto M, Folci A, Poupon G, Schiavi S, Buzzelli V, Pronot M, François U, Pousinha P, Lattuada N, Abelanet S, Castagnola S, et al.
Nature communications (2021) 121: 1557. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Long-term potentiation is independent of the C-tail of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit.
Díaz-Alonso J, Morishita W, Incontro S, Simms J, Holtzman J, Gill M, Mucke L, Malenka RC, Nicoll RA
eLife (2020) 9: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
LAR receptor phospho-tyrosine phosphatases regulate NMDA-receptor responses.
Sclip A, Südhof TC
eLife (2020) 9: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Sorting nexin 27 rescues neuroligin 2 from lysosomal degradation to control inhibitory synapse number.
Binda C, Nakamura Y, Henley J, Wilkinson K
The Biochemical journal (2019) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Kibra Modulates Learning and Memory via Binding to Dendrin.
Ji Z, Li H, Yang Z, Huang X, Ke X, Ma S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Zhang M
Cell reports (2019) 268: 2064-2077.e7. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
ADAR2-mediated Q/R editing of GluK2 regulates kainate receptor upscaling in response to suppression of synaptic activity.
Gurung S, Evans AJ, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM
Journal of cell science (2018) 13124: . 182 103 WB
MEF2A regulates mGluR-dependent AMPA receptor trafficking independently of Arc/Arg3.1.
Carmichael RE, Wilkinson KA, Craig TJ, Ashby MC, Henley JM
Scientific reports (2018) 81: 5263. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Cortactin regulates endo-lysosomal sorting of AMPARs via direct interaction with GluA2 subunit.
Parkinson GT, Chamberlain SEL, Jaafari N, Turvey M, Mellor JR, Hanley JG
Scientific reports (2018) 81: 4155. 182 103 WB
NMDAR-dependent Argonaute 2 phosphorylation regulates miRNA activity and dendritic spine plasticity.
Rajgor D, Sanderson TM, Amici M, Collingridge GL, Hanley JG
The EMBO journal (2018) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Hippocampal Memory Recovery After Acute Stress: A Behavioral, Morphological and Molecular Study.
Aguayo FI, Tejos-Bravo M, Díaz-Véliz G, Pacheco A, García-Rojo G, Corrales W, Olave FA, Aliaga E, Ulloa JL, Avalos AM, Román-Albasini L, et al.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience (2018) 11: 283. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Chronic Stress Triggers Expression of Immediate Early Genes and Differentially Affects the Expression of AMPA and NMDA Subunits in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus of Rats.
Pacheco A, Aguayo FI, Aliaga E, Muñoz M, García-Rojo G, Olave FA, Parra-Fiedler NA, García-Pérez A, Tejos-Bravo M, Rojas PS, Parra CS, et al.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience (2017) 10: 244. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
The PICK1 Ca2+ sensor modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent microRNA-mediated translational repression in neurons.
Rajgor D, Fiuza M, Parkinson GT, Hanley JG
The Journal of biological chemistry (2017) 29223: 9774-9786. 182 103 WB
PICK1 regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis via direct interactions with AP2 α-appendage and dynamin.
Fiuza M, Rostosky CM, Parkinson GT, Bygrave AM, Halemani N, Baptista M, Milosevic I, Hanley JG
The Journal of cell biology (2017) 21610: 3323-3338. 182 103 ICC, WB; tested species: rat
Dysfunctional cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to autism-like behaviour in Shank2-deficient mice.
Peter S, Ten Brinke MM, Stedehouder J, Reinelt CM, Wu B, Zhou H, Zhou K, Boele HJ, Kushner SA, Lee MG, Schmeisser MJ, et al.
Nature communications (2016) 7: 12627. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
How to Make an Active Zone: Unexpected Universal Functional Redundancy between RIMs and RIM-BPs.
Acuna C, Liu X, Südhof TC
Neuron (2016) 914: 792-807. 182 103 WB
STIM2 regulates PKA-dependent phosphorylation and trafficking of AMPARs.
Garcia-Alvarez G, Lu B, Yap KA, Wong LC, Thevathasan JV, Lim L, Ji F, Tan KW, Mancuso JJ, Tang W, Poon SY, et al.
Molecular biology of the cell (2015) 266: 1141-59. 182 103 WB
The intellectual disability protein RAB39B selectively regulates GluA2 trafficking to determine synaptic AMPAR composition.
Mignogna ML, Giannandrea M, Gurgone A, Fanelli F, Raimondi F, Mapelli L, Bassani S, Fang H, Van Anken E, Alessio M, Passafaro M, et al.
Nature communications (2015) 6: 6504. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Ongoing intrinsic synchronous activity is required for the functional maturation of CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapses.
Huupponen J, Molchanova SM, Lauri SE, Taira T
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) (2013) 2311: 2754-64. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Homodimerization and isoform-specific heterodimerization of neuroligins.
Poulopoulos A, Soykan T, Tuffy LP, Hammer M, Varoqueaux F, Brose N
The Biochemical journal (2012) 4462: 321-30. 182 103 WB
Blue Light Promotes Neurite Outgrowth of Retinal Explants in Postnatal ChR2 Mice.
Lin CI, Chiao CC
eNeuro () 64: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
Nanoscale rules governing the organization of glutamate receptors in spine synapses are subunit specific.
Hruska M, Cain RE, Dalva MB
Nature communications (2022) 131: 920. 182 103 ICC; tested species: rat
The STEP61 interactome reveals subunit-specific AMPA receptor binding and synaptic regulation.
Won S, Incontro S, Li Y, Nicoll RA, Roche KW
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2019) : . 182 103 ICC; tested species: mouse
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
PICK1 regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis via direct interactions with AP2 α-appendage and dynamin.
Fiuza M, Rostosky CM, Parkinson GT, Bygrave AM, Halemani N, Baptista M, Milosevic I, Hanley JG
The Journal of cell biology (2017) 21610: 3323-3338. 182 103 ICC, WB; tested species: rat
A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo.
Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, McLeod CM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA
Developmental neurobiology (2024) : . 182 103 IHC; tested species: mouse
Daily Brief Heat Therapy Reduces Seizures in A350V IQSEC2 Mice and Is Associated with Correction of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction.
Jada R, Borisov V, Laury E, Halpert S, Levy NS, Wagner S, Netser S, Walikonis R, Carmi I, Berlin S, Levy AP, et al.
International journal of molecular sciences (2023) 244: . 182 103 IHC; tested species: mouse
A High-Resolution Method for Quantitative Molecular Analysis of Functionally Characterized Individual Synapses.
Holderith N, Heredi J, Kis V, Nusser Z
Cell reports (2020) 324: 107968. 182 103 IHC; tested species: rat
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
Patch2MAP combines patch-clamp electrophysiology with super-resolution structural and protein imaging in identified single neurons without genetic modification.
Vardalaki D, Pham TLD, Frosch MP, Cosgrove GR, Richardson M, Cash SS, Harnett MT
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2023) : . 182 103 ExM; tested species: human
Cat. No.: 182 103
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $380.00
SNX17 Mediates Dendritic Spine Maturation via p140Cap.
Cui Q, Liang S, Li H, Guo Y, Lv J, Wang X, Qin P, Xu H, Huang TY, Lu Y, Tian Q, et al.
Molecular neurobiology (2023) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
CDKL5 deficiency in adult glutamatergic neurons alters synaptic activity and causes spontaneous seizures via TrkB signaling.
Zhu ZA, Li YY, Xu J, Xue H, Feng X, Zhu YC, Xiong ZQ
Cell reports (2023) 4210: 113202. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Neurexin-2: An inhibitory neurexin that restricts excitatory synapse formation in the hippocampus.
Lin PY, Chen LY, Jiang M, Trotter JH, Seigneur E, Südhof TC
Science advances (2023) 91: eadd8856. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Neuroligin-3 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and EPSP-Spike Coupling in the Dentate Gyrus In Vivo.
Muellerleile J, Vnencak M, Ippolito A, Krueger-Burg D, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Jedlicka P
Molecular neurobiology (2021) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Ablation of STAT3 in Purkinje cells reorganizes cerebellar synaptic plasticity in long-term fear memory network.
Han JK, Kwon SH, Kim YG, Choi J, Kim JI, Lee YS, Ye SK, Kim SJ
eLife (2021) 10: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Missense mutation of Fmr1 results in impaired AMPAR-mediated plasticity and socio-cognitive deficits in mice.
Prieto M, Folci A, Poupon G, Schiavi S, Buzzelli V, Pronot M, François U, Pousinha P, Lattuada N, Abelanet S, Castagnola S, et al.
Nature communications (2021) 121: 1557. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Long-term potentiation is independent of the C-tail of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit.
Díaz-Alonso J, Morishita W, Incontro S, Simms J, Holtzman J, Gill M, Mucke L, Malenka RC, Nicoll RA
eLife (2020) 9: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
LAR receptor phospho-tyrosine phosphatases regulate NMDA-receptor responses.
Sclip A, Südhof TC
eLife (2020) 9: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Sorting nexin 27 rescues neuroligin 2 from lysosomal degradation to control inhibitory synapse number.
Binda C, Nakamura Y, Henley J, Wilkinson K
The Biochemical journal (2019) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Kibra Modulates Learning and Memory via Binding to Dendrin.
Ji Z, Li H, Yang Z, Huang X, Ke X, Ma S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Zhang M
Cell reports (2019) 268: 2064-2077.e7. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
ADAR2-mediated Q/R editing of GluK2 regulates kainate receptor upscaling in response to suppression of synaptic activity.
Gurung S, Evans AJ, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM
Journal of cell science (2018) 13124: . 182 103 WB
MEF2A regulates mGluR-dependent AMPA receptor trafficking independently of Arc/Arg3.1.
Carmichael RE, Wilkinson KA, Craig TJ, Ashby MC, Henley JM
Scientific reports (2018) 81: 5263. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Cortactin regulates endo-lysosomal sorting of AMPARs via direct interaction with GluA2 subunit.
Parkinson GT, Chamberlain SEL, Jaafari N, Turvey M, Mellor JR, Hanley JG
Scientific reports (2018) 81: 4155. 182 103 WB
NMDAR-dependent Argonaute 2 phosphorylation regulates miRNA activity and dendritic spine plasticity.
Rajgor D, Sanderson TM, Amici M, Collingridge GL, Hanley JG
The EMBO journal (2018) : . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Hippocampal Memory Recovery After Acute Stress: A Behavioral, Morphological and Molecular Study.
Aguayo FI, Tejos-Bravo M, Díaz-Véliz G, Pacheco A, García-Rojo G, Corrales W, Olave FA, Aliaga E, Ulloa JL, Avalos AM, Román-Albasini L, et al.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience (2018) 11: 283. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Chronic Stress Triggers Expression of Immediate Early Genes and Differentially Affects the Expression of AMPA and NMDA Subunits in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus of Rats.
Pacheco A, Aguayo FI, Aliaga E, Muñoz M, García-Rojo G, Olave FA, Parra-Fiedler NA, García-Pérez A, Tejos-Bravo M, Rojas PS, Parra CS, et al.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience (2017) 10: 244. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
The PICK1 Ca2+ sensor modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent microRNA-mediated translational repression in neurons.
Rajgor D, Fiuza M, Parkinson GT, Hanley JG
The Journal of biological chemistry (2017) 29223: 9774-9786. 182 103 WB
PICK1 regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis via direct interactions with AP2 α-appendage and dynamin.
Fiuza M, Rostosky CM, Parkinson GT, Bygrave AM, Halemani N, Baptista M, Milosevic I, Hanley JG
The Journal of cell biology (2017) 21610: 3323-3338. 182 103 ICC, WB; tested species: rat
Dysfunctional cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to autism-like behaviour in Shank2-deficient mice.
Peter S, Ten Brinke MM, Stedehouder J, Reinelt CM, Wu B, Zhou H, Zhou K, Boele HJ, Kushner SA, Lee MG, Schmeisser MJ, et al.
Nature communications (2016) 7: 12627. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
How to Make an Active Zone: Unexpected Universal Functional Redundancy between RIMs and RIM-BPs.
Acuna C, Liu X, Südhof TC
Neuron (2016) 914: 792-807. 182 103 WB
STIM2 regulates PKA-dependent phosphorylation and trafficking of AMPARs.
Garcia-Alvarez G, Lu B, Yap KA, Wong LC, Thevathasan JV, Lim L, Ji F, Tan KW, Mancuso JJ, Tang W, Poon SY, et al.
Molecular biology of the cell (2015) 266: 1141-59. 182 103 WB
The intellectual disability protein RAB39B selectively regulates GluA2 trafficking to determine synaptic AMPAR composition.
Mignogna ML, Giannandrea M, Gurgone A, Fanelli F, Raimondi F, Mapelli L, Bassani S, Fang H, Van Anken E, Alessio M, Passafaro M, et al.
Nature communications (2015) 6: 6504. 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Ongoing intrinsic synchronous activity is required for the functional maturation of CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapses.
Huupponen J, Molchanova SM, Lauri SE, Taira T
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) (2013) 2311: 2754-64. 182 103 WB; tested species: rat
Homodimerization and isoform-specific heterodimerization of neuroligins.
Poulopoulos A, Soykan T, Tuffy LP, Hammer M, Varoqueaux F, Brose N
The Biochemical journal (2012) 4462: 321-30. 182 103 WB
Blue Light Promotes Neurite Outgrowth of Retinal Explants in Postnatal ChR2 Mice.
Lin CI, Chiao CC
eNeuro () 64: . 182 103 WB; tested species: mouse
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
Nanoscale rules governing the organization of glutamate receptors in spine synapses are subunit specific.
Hruska M, Cain RE, Dalva MB
Nature communications (2022) 131: 920. 182 103 ICC; tested species: rat
The STEP61 interactome reveals subunit-specific AMPA receptor binding and synaptic regulation.
Won S, Incontro S, Li Y, Nicoll RA, Roche KW
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2019) : . 182 103 ICC; tested species: mouse
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
PICK1 regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis via direct interactions with AP2 α-appendage and dynamin.
Fiuza M, Rostosky CM, Parkinson GT, Bygrave AM, Halemani N, Baptista M, Milosevic I, Hanley JG
The Journal of cell biology (2017) 21610: 3323-3338. 182 103 ICC, WB; tested species: rat
A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo.
Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, McLeod CM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA
Developmental neurobiology (2024) : . 182 103 IHC; tested species: mouse
Daily Brief Heat Therapy Reduces Seizures in A350V IQSEC2 Mice and Is Associated with Correction of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction.
Jada R, Borisov V, Laury E, Halpert S, Levy NS, Wagner S, Netser S, Walikonis R, Carmi I, Berlin S, Levy AP, et al.
International journal of molecular sciences (2023) 244: . 182 103 IHC; tested species: mouse
A High-Resolution Method for Quantitative Molecular Analysis of Functionally Characterized Individual Synapses.
Holderith N, Heredi J, Kis V, Nusser Z
Cell reports (2020) 324: 107968. 182 103 IHC; tested species: rat
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPA receptors.
Shrivastava AN, Redeker V, Pieri L, Bousset L, Renner M, Madiona K, Mailhes-Hamon C, Coens A, Buée L, Hantraye P, Triller A, et al.
The EMBO journal (2019) : . 182 103 IP, ICC, IHC; tested species: mouse
Patch2MAP combines patch-clamp electrophysiology with super-resolution structural and protein imaging in identified single neurons without genetic modification.
Vardalaki D, Pham TLD, Frosch MP, Cosgrove GR, Richardson M, Cash SS, Harnett MT
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (2023) : . 182 103 ExM; tested species: human
Background

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate rapid excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian CNS. They can be subdivided into three major groups, the AMPA/GluA, NMDA/GluN and kainate/GluK receptors (KARs). mRNAs coding for glutamate receptors are substrates for an adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) that increases the diversity of these proteins.
Glutamate receptors of the AMPA subtype are monovalent cation channels and are composed of the four AMPA subunits GluA 1, GluA 2, GluA 3, and GluA 4.