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VGAT antibody cytoplasmic domain - 131 013 K.O.

VGAT or VIAAT is the GABA and glycine transporter in the membrane of synaptic vesicles
Rabbit polyclonal purified antibody
Cat. No.: 131 013
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $375.00
Cat. No. 131 013 50 µg specific antibody, lyophilized. Affinity purified with the immunogen. Albumin was added for stabilization. For reconstitution add 50 µl H2O to get a 1mg/ml solution in PBS. Then aliquot and store at -20°C to -80°C until use.
Antibodies should be stored at +4°C when still lyophilized. Do not freeze!
Applications
 
WB: 1 : 1000 (AP staining) (see remarks) gallery  
IP: yes
ICC: 1 : 500 gallery  
IHC: 1 : 500 gallery  
IHC-P: not tested yet
EM: yes This antibody is first choice for electron microscopy.

Western blot (WB); separation of proteins by PAGE and subsequent transfer to a membrane. Detection of target molecules is carried out with antibodies. Some antibodies require special sample preparation steps. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunoprecipitation (IP); Immunoisolation or pulldown of a target molecule using an antibody. For details and product specific hints, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on 4% PFA fixed cells. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence. Some antibodies require special fixation methods. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 4% PFA perfusion fixed tissue with 24h PFA post fixation. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate. Some antibodies require special fixation methods or antigen retrieval steps. For details, please refer to the ”Remarks” section.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue (some antibodies require special antigen retrieval steps, please refer to the ”Remarks” section). Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate.

Electron microscopy (EM) is a microscopy technique that detects the scatter of electrons through thin tissue sections. In Immuno-EM the antigen is usually revealed by colloidal gold conjugated secondary antibodies linking electron dense structures to antigen-bound primary antibodies.
Immunogen Recombinant protein corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of rat VGAT (UniProt Id: O35458)
Reactivity Reacts with: rat (O35458), mouse (O35633), zebrafish.
Other species not tested yet.
Specificity K.O. validated PubMed: 36073542
Matching control protein/peptide 131-0GP
Remarks

WB: VGAT aggregates after boiling, making it necessary to run SDS-PAGE only with non-boiled samples.
Data sheet 131_013.pdf

References for VGAT - 131 013

De Novo Missense Variants in SLC32A1 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to Impaired GABAergic Neurotransmission.
Platzer K, Sticht H, Bupp C, Ganapathi M, Pereira EM, Le Guyader G, Bilan F, Henderson LB, Lemke JR, Taschenberger H, Brose N, et al.
Annals of neurology (2022) : . 131 013 WB; KO verified; tested species: mouse
Neuroligin-3 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and EPSP-Spike Coupling in the Dentate Gyrus In Vivo.
Muellerleile J, Vnencak M, Ippolito A, Krueger-Burg D, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Jedlicka P
Molecular neurobiology (2021) : . 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
Selective disruption of inhibitory synapses leading to neuronal hyperexcitability at an early stage of tau pathogenesis in a mouse model.
Shimojo M, Takuwa H, Takado Y, Tokunaga M, Tsukamoto S, Minatohara K, Ono M, Seki C, Maeda J, Urushihata T, Minamihisamatsu T, et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2020) : . 131 013 WB, IHC; tested species: mouse
Redundant and nonredundant organismal functions of EPS15 and EPS15L1.
Milesi C, Alberici P, Pozzi B, Oldani A, Beznoussenko GV, Raimondi A, Soppo BE, Amodio S, Caldieri G, Malabarba MG, Bertalot G, et al.
Life science alliance (2019) 21: . 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
CSPα knockout causes neurodegeneration by impairing SNAP-25 function.
Sharma M, Burré J, Bronk P, Zhang Y, Xu W, Südhof TC
The EMBO journal (2012) 314: 829-41. 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
Quantitative comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicles unveils selectivity for few proteins including MAL2, a novel synaptic vesicle protein.
Grønborg M, Pavlos NJ, Brunk I, Chua JJ, Münster-Wandowski A, Riedel D, Ahnert-Hilger G, Urlaub H, Jahn R
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2010) 301: 2-12. 131 013 IP; tested species: rat
Heterogeneous subpopulations of GABAAR-responding neurons coexist across neuronal network scales and developmental stages in health and disease.
Colombi I, Rastogi M, Parrini M, Alberti M, Potenzieri A, Chellali MM, Rosati S, Chiappalone M, Nanni M, Contestabile A, Cancedda L, et al.
iScience (2024) 274: 109438. 131 013 ICC; tested species: mouse
Generation of glutamatergic/GABAergic neuronal co-cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for characterizing E/I balance in vitro.
Wang S, Hesen R, Mossink B, Nadif Kasri N, Schubert D
STAR protocols (2023) 41: 101967. 131 013 ICC; tested species: human
Clathrin-independent endocytic retrieval of SV proteins mediated by the clathrin adaptor AP-2 at mammalian central synapses.
López-Hernández T, Takenaka KI, Mori Y, Kongpracha P, Nagamori S, Haucke V, Takamori S
eLife (2022) 11: . 131 013 ICC; tested species: mouse
Loss-of-function variants in the schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A alter neuronal network activity in human neurons through the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Wang S, Rhijn JV, Akkouh I, Kogo N, Maas N, Bleeck A, Ortiz IS, Lewerissa E, Wu KM, Schoenmaker C, Djurovic S, et al.
Cell reports (2022) 395: 110790. 131 013 ICC; tested species: human
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subunits Play a Direct Structural Role in Synaptic Contact Formation via Their N-terminal Extracellular Domains.
Brown LE, Nicholson MW, Arama JE, Mercer A, Thomson AM, Jovanovic JN
The Journal of biological chemistry (2016) 29127: 13926-42. 131 013 ICC
Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
Linsalata AE, Chen X, Winters CA, Reese TS
The Journal of comparative neurology (2014) 5224: 921-36. 131 013 EM, ICC; tested species: rat
Celsr2 Knockout Alleviates Inhibitory Synaptic Stripping and Benefits Motoneuron Survival and Axon Regeneration After Branchial Plexus Avulsion.
Yu L, Liu M, Li F, Wang Q, Wang M, So KF, Qu Y, Zhou L
Molecular neurobiology (2023) : . 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Increasing astrogenesis in the developing hippocampus induces autistic-like behavior in mice via enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Chen J, Ma XL, Zhao H, Wang XY, Xu MX, Wang H, Yang TQ, Peng C, Liu SS, Huang M, Zhou YD, et al.
Glia (2022) 701: 106-122. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Role of trace amine‑associated receptor 1 in the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic social stress-induced cognitive deficits in mice.
Zhang Y, Li JT, Wang H, Niu WP, Zhang CC, Zhang Y, Wang XD, Si TM, Su YA
Pharmacological research (2021) 167: 105571. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Selective disruption of inhibitory synapses leading to neuronal hyperexcitability at an early stage of tau pathogenesis in a mouse model.
Shimojo M, Takuwa H, Takado Y, Tokunaga M, Tsukamoto S, Minatohara K, Ono M, Seki C, Maeda J, Urushihata T, Minamihisamatsu T, et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2020) : . 131 013 WB, IHC; tested species: mouse
Early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice.
Wang T, Wang HL, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun YX, Su YA, Si TM, Li JT
Chinese medical journal (2019) 13213: 1582-1590. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Dorsal CA1 interneurons contribute to acute stress-induced spatial memory deficits.
Yu JY, Fang P, Wang C, Wang XX, Li K, Gong Q, Luo BY, Wang XD
Neuropharmacology (2018) : . 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes.
Tatsumi K, Isonishi A, Yamasaki M, Kawabe Y, Morita-Takemura S, Nakahara K, Terada Y, Shinjo T, Okuda H, Tanaka T, Wanaka A, et al.
Frontiers in neuroanatomy (2018) 12: 8. 131 013 IHC, EM; tested species: mouse
Sleep-Dependent Structural Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Synapses in the Dendrites of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons.
Elbaz I, Zada D, Tovin A, Braun T, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Wang G, Mourrain P, Appelbaum L
Molecular neurobiology (2017) 548: 6581-6597. 131 013 IHC
Aerobic exercise and a BDNF-mimetic therapy rescue learning and memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome.
Parrini M, Ghezzi D, Deidda G, Medrihan L, Castroflorio E, Alberti M, Baldelli P, Cancedda L, Contestabile A
Scientific reports (2017) 71: 16825. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Excitatory and inhibitory innervation of the mouse orofacial motor nuclei: A stereological study.
Faunes M, Oñate-Ponce A, Fernández-Collemann S, Henny P
The Journal of comparative neurology (2016) 5244: 738-58. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Immunogold characteristics of VGLUT3-positive GABAergic nerve terminals suggest corelease of glutamate.
Stensrud MJ, Sogn CJ, Gundersen V
The Journal of comparative neurology (2015) 52318: 2698-713. 131 013 IHC
Isolation of an anorexigenic protein from membranes.
Kidwai AM, Upreti RK
Molecular and cellular biochemistry () 911-2: 117-22. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes.
Tatsumi K, Isonishi A, Yamasaki M, Kawabe Y, Morita-Takemura S, Nakahara K, Terada Y, Shinjo T, Okuda H, Tanaka T, Wanaka A, et al.
Frontiers in neuroanatomy (2018) 12: 8. 131 013 IHC, EM; tested species: mouse
Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
Linsalata AE, Chen X, Winters CA, Reese TS
The Journal of comparative neurology (2014) 5224: 921-36. 131 013 EM, ICC; tested species: rat
GABA is localized in dopaminergic synaptic vesicles in the rodent striatum.
Stensrud MJ, Puchades M, Gundersen V
Brain structure & function (2014) 2196: 1901-12. 131 013 EM; tested species: rat
Cat. No.: 131 013
Amount: 50 µg
Price: $375.00
De Novo Missense Variants in SLC32A1 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to Impaired GABAergic Neurotransmission.
Platzer K, Sticht H, Bupp C, Ganapathi M, Pereira EM, Le Guyader G, Bilan F, Henderson LB, Lemke JR, Taschenberger H, Brose N, et al.
Annals of neurology (2022) : . 131 013 WB; KO verified; tested species: mouse
Neuroligin-3 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and EPSP-Spike Coupling in the Dentate Gyrus In Vivo.
Muellerleile J, Vnencak M, Ippolito A, Krueger-Burg D, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Jedlicka P
Molecular neurobiology (2021) : . 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
Selective disruption of inhibitory synapses leading to neuronal hyperexcitability at an early stage of tau pathogenesis in a mouse model.
Shimojo M, Takuwa H, Takado Y, Tokunaga M, Tsukamoto S, Minatohara K, Ono M, Seki C, Maeda J, Urushihata T, Minamihisamatsu T, et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2020) : . 131 013 WB, IHC; tested species: mouse
Redundant and nonredundant organismal functions of EPS15 and EPS15L1.
Milesi C, Alberici P, Pozzi B, Oldani A, Beznoussenko GV, Raimondi A, Soppo BE, Amodio S, Caldieri G, Malabarba MG, Bertalot G, et al.
Life science alliance (2019) 21: . 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
CSPα knockout causes neurodegeneration by impairing SNAP-25 function.
Sharma M, Burré J, Bronk P, Zhang Y, Xu W, Südhof TC
The EMBO journal (2012) 314: 829-41. 131 013 WB; tested species: mouse
Quantitative comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicles unveils selectivity for few proteins including MAL2, a novel synaptic vesicle protein.
Grønborg M, Pavlos NJ, Brunk I, Chua JJ, Münster-Wandowski A, Riedel D, Ahnert-Hilger G, Urlaub H, Jahn R
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2010) 301: 2-12. 131 013 IP; tested species: rat
Heterogeneous subpopulations of GABAAR-responding neurons coexist across neuronal network scales and developmental stages in health and disease.
Colombi I, Rastogi M, Parrini M, Alberti M, Potenzieri A, Chellali MM, Rosati S, Chiappalone M, Nanni M, Contestabile A, Cancedda L, et al.
iScience (2024) 274: 109438. 131 013 ICC; tested species: mouse
Generation of glutamatergic/GABAergic neuronal co-cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for characterizing E/I balance in vitro.
Wang S, Hesen R, Mossink B, Nadif Kasri N, Schubert D
STAR protocols (2023) 41: 101967. 131 013 ICC; tested species: human
Clathrin-independent endocytic retrieval of SV proteins mediated by the clathrin adaptor AP-2 at mammalian central synapses.
López-Hernández T, Takenaka KI, Mori Y, Kongpracha P, Nagamori S, Haucke V, Takamori S
eLife (2022) 11: . 131 013 ICC; tested species: mouse
Loss-of-function variants in the schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A alter neuronal network activity in human neurons through the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Wang S, Rhijn JV, Akkouh I, Kogo N, Maas N, Bleeck A, Ortiz IS, Lewerissa E, Wu KM, Schoenmaker C, Djurovic S, et al.
Cell reports (2022) 395: 110790. 131 013 ICC; tested species: human
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subunits Play a Direct Structural Role in Synaptic Contact Formation via Their N-terminal Extracellular Domains.
Brown LE, Nicholson MW, Arama JE, Mercer A, Thomson AM, Jovanovic JN
The Journal of biological chemistry (2016) 29127: 13926-42. 131 013 ICC
Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
Linsalata AE, Chen X, Winters CA, Reese TS
The Journal of comparative neurology (2014) 5224: 921-36. 131 013 EM, ICC; tested species: rat
Celsr2 Knockout Alleviates Inhibitory Synaptic Stripping and Benefits Motoneuron Survival and Axon Regeneration After Branchial Plexus Avulsion.
Yu L, Liu M, Li F, Wang Q, Wang M, So KF, Qu Y, Zhou L
Molecular neurobiology (2023) : . 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Increasing astrogenesis in the developing hippocampus induces autistic-like behavior in mice via enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Chen J, Ma XL, Zhao H, Wang XY, Xu MX, Wang H, Yang TQ, Peng C, Liu SS, Huang M, Zhou YD, et al.
Glia (2022) 701: 106-122. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Role of trace amine‑associated receptor 1 in the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic social stress-induced cognitive deficits in mice.
Zhang Y, Li JT, Wang H, Niu WP, Zhang CC, Zhang Y, Wang XD, Si TM, Su YA
Pharmacological research (2021) 167: 105571. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Selective disruption of inhibitory synapses leading to neuronal hyperexcitability at an early stage of tau pathogenesis in a mouse model.
Shimojo M, Takuwa H, Takado Y, Tokunaga M, Tsukamoto S, Minatohara K, Ono M, Seki C, Maeda J, Urushihata T, Minamihisamatsu T, et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2020) : . 131 013 WB, IHC; tested species: mouse
Early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice.
Wang T, Wang HL, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun YX, Su YA, Si TM, Li JT
Chinese medical journal (2019) 13213: 1582-1590. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Dorsal CA1 interneurons contribute to acute stress-induced spatial memory deficits.
Yu JY, Fang P, Wang C, Wang XX, Li K, Gong Q, Luo BY, Wang XD
Neuropharmacology (2018) : . 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes.
Tatsumi K, Isonishi A, Yamasaki M, Kawabe Y, Morita-Takemura S, Nakahara K, Terada Y, Shinjo T, Okuda H, Tanaka T, Wanaka A, et al.
Frontiers in neuroanatomy (2018) 12: 8. 131 013 IHC, EM; tested species: mouse
Sleep-Dependent Structural Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Synapses in the Dendrites of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons.
Elbaz I, Zada D, Tovin A, Braun T, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Wang G, Mourrain P, Appelbaum L
Molecular neurobiology (2017) 548: 6581-6597. 131 013 IHC
Aerobic exercise and a BDNF-mimetic therapy rescue learning and memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome.
Parrini M, Ghezzi D, Deidda G, Medrihan L, Castroflorio E, Alberti M, Baldelli P, Cancedda L, Contestabile A
Scientific reports (2017) 71: 16825. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Excitatory and inhibitory innervation of the mouse orofacial motor nuclei: A stereological study.
Faunes M, Oñate-Ponce A, Fernández-Collemann S, Henny P
The Journal of comparative neurology (2016) 5244: 738-58. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Immunogold characteristics of VGLUT3-positive GABAergic nerve terminals suggest corelease of glutamate.
Stensrud MJ, Sogn CJ, Gundersen V
The Journal of comparative neurology (2015) 52318: 2698-713. 131 013 IHC
Isolation of an anorexigenic protein from membranes.
Kidwai AM, Upreti RK
Molecular and cellular biochemistry () 911-2: 117-22. 131 013 IHC; tested species: mouse
Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes.
Tatsumi K, Isonishi A, Yamasaki M, Kawabe Y, Morita-Takemura S, Nakahara K, Terada Y, Shinjo T, Okuda H, Tanaka T, Wanaka A, et al.
Frontiers in neuroanatomy (2018) 12: 8. 131 013 IHC, EM; tested species: mouse
Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
Linsalata AE, Chen X, Winters CA, Reese TS
The Journal of comparative neurology (2014) 5224: 921-36. 131 013 EM, ICC; tested species: rat
GABA is localized in dopaminergic synaptic vesicles in the rodent striatum.
Stensrud MJ, Puchades M, Gundersen V
Brain structure & function (2014) 2196: 1901-12. 131 013 EM; tested species: rat
WB
ICC
IHC
Background
The vesicular GABA transporter VGAT is responsible for uptake and storage of GABA and glycine by synaptic vesicles in the central nervous system. For this reason it is frequently referred to as the vesicular inhibitory aminoacid transporter VIAAT. It is different from the plasma membrane transporters in that it is driven by a proton electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane. So far, only one isoform is known. VGAT is currently the best marker for inhibitory nerve terminals.
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